• While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought to be

  2022-01-24

  

  While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought to be an apoptosis marker, studies have shown that TUNEL can stain necrotic GSK2656157 australia [19], [20], [21]. Furthermore, DNA degradation has also been observed in necrotic cells [22]. TUNEL staining alone is therefore insufficient to distinguish

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments

  2022-01-24

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments Introduction Hedgehog (Hh) signaling controls key steps of development in most tissues and organs of invertebrates and vertebrates (Briscoe and Therond, 2013, Ingham et al., 2011, Wilson and Chuang, 2010). The unique cellular composition and mo

• br Methods br Results It is well

  2022-01-24

  

  Methods Results It is well known that during the onset of vasoconstriction there is an increase in intracellular Ca2+ which activates myosin light-chain kinase followed by cycling of actin-myosin cross-bridges in VSMCs. Recently, it has been recognized that Nitidine chloride polymerization is

• br Acknowledgements We thank Kathy Spindler for helpful revi

  2022-01-24

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Kathy Spindler for helpful review of the manuscript. Expert technical assistance from Joel Whitfield in the University of Michigan Cancer Center Immunology Core is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the American Heart Association (16GRNT30250013) and by

• epirubicin This connection is supported by studies in

  2022-01-24

  

  This connection is supported by studies in the SIV macaque model of HIV, where treatment with methamphetamine, which greatly enhances CNS dopamine levels (Truong, 2005); increased epirubicin viral load. Methamphetamine also increased expression of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 in CNS macrophages, thereby

• The HIF complex was initially identified as an important com

  2022-01-24

  

  The HIF complex was initially identified as an important component of the cell machinery involved in the response and mmae to hypoxia (Semenza, 2001). Further studies have shown that HIF can also modulate whole-body energy homeostasis by controlling hypothalamic neurons (Varela et al., 2017, Zhang e

• Furthermore colistin induced mitochondrial dysfunction in

  2022-01-24

  

  Furthermore, colistin induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse central nervous system and chicken neurons, axonal degeneration and demyelization of mice sciatic nerves [16,17,19]. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key determinant of neurodegeneration [20,21]. Also, it accumulates amino

• br Activation of soluble guanylate

  2022-01-24

  

  Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The molecular steps involved in sGC activation have evolved significantly over the last several years. The key studies are outlined below, but here we provide an overall summary. The activation mechanism of sGC was initially proposed to be relatively simple

• We have shown previously that activation of the TGF Smad

  2022-01-24

  

  We have shown previously that activation of the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway in keratinocytes regulates alk pathway cytoskeleton organization via non-genomic and genomic mechanisms and that RhoB gene is a target of Smad proteins [12,13]. Although the role of RhoB in early non-genomic TGFβ-induced ce

• br Conclusion GST expression was detected

  2022-01-24

  

  Conclusion GST expression was detected in the Hemicornea construct and the commonly used animal cornea models at both the protein and functional levels. The results are summarized in Table 1. However, the construct exhibited lower levels of activity of GST, a marker of phase II enzymatic activity

• As previously discussed even though glucose is the major fue

  2022-01-24

  

  As previously discussed, even though glucose is the major fuel of the brain, neuronal cells may use alternative fuels such as ketone bodies in metabolically challenging situations in which glucose availability is limited [6]. Ketogenesis takes place mainly in the liver, although astrocytes can also

• The diseases of ocular surface

  2022-01-24

  

  The diseases of ocular surface and the cornea are very common in ophthalmological practice and as a result there is a continuous, need for novel therapeutic options. Here, we demonstrated a corneal distribution of GPR35, a potential molecular target for new drugs (; ). The search for the expression

• Another possible effect of niacin is in altering immune

  2022-01-24

  

  Another possible effect of niacin is in altering immune cell trafficking; as it has been suggested that niacin therapy quells endothelial cell activation (Digby et al., 2010, Ganji et al., 2009) and thereby suppresses inflammatory cell recruitment (Wu et al. 2010). However, the impact of niacin on l

• br Funding This work was supported by

  2022-01-21

  

  Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (RO1DK097550 to JT, RO1AG046619 to WAB and TS, and T32AG000057 to EMR, and T32DK007012 to SG) and by the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Research and Development. Introduction In mammals, two isoforms of grow

• The schematic diagram of the antagonistic interactions of Zn

  2022-01-21

  

  The schematic diagram of the antagonistic interactions of Zn2+ and neurosteroids (NSs) at GABA-A receptors is summarized in Fig. 7. Neurosteroids exhibit powerful seizure protective effects against experimental seizures probably through the potentiation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA-A receptor-

15850 records 484/1057 page Previous Next First page 上5页 481482483484485 下5页 Last page