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Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids perform their biologic
2020-10-26

Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids perform their biological action in the organism through receptor-dependent mechanisms (e.g., by binding to the glucocorticoid receptors). It has been determined that glucocorticoid receptors cross-talk with other nuclear receptors, including AhR (Celander et al.
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Confidence with which data of animal safety toxicity studies
2020-10-26

Confidence with which data of animal safety/toxicity studies can be translated to human depends upon the knowledge that whether humans would be exposed to similar chemical entities (parent and its metabolites) as the animals exposed during toxicity studies. In this regard, in vitro qualitative evalu
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The aim of the present study
2020-10-26

The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of CRF1 and CRF2 in the alterations of the dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine release and the vertical and horizontal locomotor activity observed in rats following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal. In this
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br Methods br Results br Discussion The
2020-10-26

Methods Results Discussion The lowest intra-CeA dose of R278995/CRA0450 that prevented the elevations in SCH 58261 receptor reward thresholds associated with nicotine withdrawal was 0.05μg/side (0.1μg total bilateral dose). The total bilateral dose in the present study is 100 times lower t
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In the course of carbohydrate metabolism pyruvate the end pr
2020-10-26

In the course of carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is converted to acetyl-CoA, which fuels the citrate cycle for further generation of energy. In the case of elevated levels of acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA is converted into malonyl-CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylas
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Most remarkably an essentially identical collagen binding mo
2020-10-23

Most remarkably, an essentially identical collagen-binding mode to DDR2 is employed by SPARC, an α-helical matricellular protein unrelated to DDR2 that also recognizes the GVMGFO motif in collagen (Giudici et al., 2008, Hohenester et al., 2008). The convergence of binding mechanisms suggests that th
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br Discussion and conclusion Ubiquitination and deubiquitina
2020-10-23

Discussion and conclusion Ubiquitination and deubiquitination have emerged as important mechanisms involved in p53 management. This review revealed that various DUBs can regulate p53 or p53-Mdm2-MdmX networks. Herein, we reviewed the current progress made toward elucidating the complexities in th
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br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Introduction The
2020-10-23

Conclusion Conflict of interest Introduction The sexual exploitation and internal trafficking of British children within the UK has received growing public and policy attention in recent years. This has largely been in response to a number of high profile police investigations into cases in
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For a physiologically relevant interaction ligand and
2020-10-23

For a physiologically relevant interaction, ligand and receptor have to be expressed in the same place. Collagen II is found primarily in cartilage. DDR2 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in vivo, and its staining pattern in tibial growth plates is similar to that of collagen II. In additio
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Nucleocytoplasmic transport systems play a
2020-10-23

Nucleocytoplasmic transport systems play a critical role in intracellular localization and regulation of proteins in each cell. This balance is quite important and is typically uncontrolled in cancer cells. Specific localization of tumor suppressor and oncoproteins is quite important because any abn
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According to this theory the chemical potential of
2020-10-23

According to this theory, the chemical potential of the basic hydrate in the equilibrium condition can be calculated as: , and denote the chemical potentials of the basic hydrate, water and gas, respectively. Also, is the number of gas molecules per water molecules in the basic hydrate. After su
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R co localizes Golgi marker GM Fig
2020-10-23

R co-localizes Golgi marker GM130 (Fig. 5). Our metabolic pulse-chase studies carried out in the presence of CSF-1 exposed the newly synthesized CSF-1R to its ligand, which promoted its rapid degradation. While this was clearly seen in control BMDMs, the mature band of CSF-1R remained intact for the
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Depending on the needs of the product to be preserved
2020-10-23

Depending on the needs of the product to be preserved, there are several levels of barrier packaging. Usually they are classified into low and high barriers. High barriers have a low oxygen transmittal rate, low moisture vapor transmission rate, and a high tensile strength, or puncture resistance. W
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The LNX ligand of numb protein X
2020-10-23

The LNX (ligand of numb protein-X) or PDZRN (PDZ and RING) family of proteins consists of five members (LNX1–LNX5), the first four of which act as E3‐ubiquitin ligases in various roles, as reviewed elsewhere [14]. LNX proteins comprise a RING domain and two to four PDZ (PSD-95, DlgA, ZO-1) domains [
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br GRAIL family Gene related to
2020-10-23

GRAIL family Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL, encoded by Rnf128 gene) is a transmembrane RING-type E3 ligase involved in T cell anergy and tolerance, and also regulation of Prednisone cytoskeletal organization [52]. This E3 was initially identified in CD4+ T helper cells and
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